Pattern Bargaining and Wage Leadership in a Small Open Economy

Pattern bargaining with the tradables (manufacturing) sector as wage leader is a common form of wage bargaining in Europe. We question the conventional wisdom that such bargaining produces wage restraint. In our model all forms of pattern bargaining give the same outcomes as uncoordinated bargaining under inflation targeting. Under monetary union wage leadership for the non-tradables sector is conducive to wage restraint, whereas wage leadership for the tradables sector is not. Comparison thinking may lead the follower to set the same wage as the leader. Such equilibria can arise when the leader sector is the smaller sector and promote high employment.pattern bargaining, wage setting, inflation targeting, monetary regimes

Ship viscous flow: A report on the 1990 SSPA-IIHR Workshop

To assess the state of the art in ship viscous flow computation a Workshop was organized in 1990 by three organizations: SSPA Maritime Consulting AB, Chalmers University of Technology, and the Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research. Two test cases were specified by the organizers and sent out to all interested research groups, which were asked to submit results in a prescribed format. In September 1990 a meeting was held at Chalmers University of Technology. All results had then been collected and presented in a common format, and the theories based on responses to a questionnaire sent out earlier. During the meeting, each research group was first given the opportunity to briefly introduce their method and results. Thereafter, a considerable time was spent on general discussions on the performance of the different methods considering the differences in the underlying theories. Specific items that were addressed were grid generation, governing equations, boundary conditions, turbulence modelling, and numerical methods. Practical aspects of the results, for instance from the point of view of propeller design, were also discussed. The Workshop Proceedings contain a description of the participating methods, and the results of both test cases. In the present paper, a summary of the Workshop and its results is presented

From MN A to MN B: A South Swedish Perspective

From MN A to MN B - A South Swedish Perspectiv

CFD prediction and validation of ship-bank interaction in a canal

This paper utilizes CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) methods to investigate the bank effects on a tanker moving straight ahead at low speed in a canal characterized by surface piercing banks. For varying water depths and ship-to-bank distances, the sinkage and trim as well as the viscous hydrodynamic forces on the hull are predicted mainly by a steady state RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) solver, in which the double model approximation is adopted to simulate the flat free surface. A potential flow method is also applied to evaluate the effect of the free surface and viscosity on the solutions. In addition, focus is placed on V&V (Verification and Validation) based on a grid convergence study and comparison with EFD (Experimental Fluid Dynamics) data, as well as the exploration of the modelling error in RANS computations to enable more accurate and reliable predictions of the bank effects